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FAA AC 00-57:1997

FAA AC 00-57:1997 Hazardous Mountain Winds And Their Visual Indicators Gives information on hazardous mountain winds and their effects on flight operations near mountainous regions. The primary purpose of this AC is to assist pilots involved in aviation operations to dia

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Table of Contents

FOREWORD
LISTOFFIGURES/TABLES
PARTIREVIEWOFMETEOROLOGICALCONCEPTS
1.0INTRODUCTION
2.0ACCIDENTSTATISTICS
3.0THEEFFECTSOFOROGRAPHICWINDSANDTURBULENCEON
AVIATIONOPERATIONS
3.1High-AltitudeOperations
3.2TakeoffandLanding
3.3Low-levelMountainFlying
4.0SOURCESOFMOUNTAIN-INDUCEDWINDHAZARDSFORAVIATION
4.1AReviewofKeyMeteorologicalConcepts
4.2AReviewofStaticStabilityandStable/Unstable
AtmosphericStratifications
4.2.1SummaryCommentsonStability
4.3ElementaryTheoryofGravityWavesandShear-Induced
Waves
4.3.1SummaryCommentsonGravityWavesand
Shear-InducedWaves
4.4BreakingWavesandTurbulence
5.0ATMOSPHERICDISTURBANCESINMOUNTAINOUSAREAS
5.1Larger-ScaleHazards
5.1.1VerticallyPropagatingMountainWaves
5.1.2TrappedLeeWaves
5.1.3PersistentHorizontalRollVortices(Rotors)
5.1.4Kelvin-HelmholtzWaves
5.2Smaller-ScaleHazards
5.2.1Lee-SideInversionWithShearFlow
(Mountain-InducedShearWithNoWaveDevelopment)
5.2.2Non-SteadyHorizontalRollVortices(Moving
HorizontalVortices)
5.2.3IntenseVertical-AxisVortices
5.2.4Boras
5.2.5OtherPhenomena
PARTIIATLASOFVISUALINDICATORS
6.0VISUALINDICATORSOFOROGRAPHICWINDFIELDS
6.1Larger-ScaleFeatures
6.2Smaller-ScaleFlows
6.3RotorsandOtherTurbulentZones
6.4InterpretingContrails
6.5OtherVisualIndicationsofAirMotionNearComplex
Terrain
PARTIIISUMMARY
7.0REVIEWOFMAJORCONCEPTS
GLOSSARYOFKEYTERMS
REFERENCES

Abstract

Gives information on hazardous mountain winds and their effects on flight operations near mountainous regions. The primary purpose of this AC is to assist pilots involved in aviation operations to diagnose the potential for severe wind events in the vicinity of mountainous areas and to provide information on pre-flight planning techniques and in-flight evaluation strategies for avoiding destructive turbulence and loss of aircraft control.

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