Table of Contents
ForewordtoRevisionThree
ForewordtoMay1998Edition
ForewordtoRevisionOne
Forewordto1992Version
Purpose
Scope
RoadMap
Section1DEFINITIONS
Section2REFERENCEDDOCUMENTS
Section3MEASUREMENTDEVICECHARACTERISTICS
3.1Introduction
3.2Scope
3.3HydrophoneCharacteristics
3.3.1HydrophoneSensitivity
3.3.2HydrophoneSystemFrequencyResponse
3.3.3EffectiveHydrophoneDiameter
3.3.4DynamicRangeandLinearity
3.3.5FieldMeasurementCaution
3.4HydrophoneSelectionandMinimumRequirements
3.5HydrophoneMeasurementSystem
3.5.1HydrophoneAmplifier
3.5.2WaterTank
3.5.3PositioningSystem
3.5.4Oscilloscope/WaveformRecorder
3.5.5CommerciallyAvailableMeasurementSystems
3.6ForceBalanceCharacteristics
3.6.1ConstructingaForceBalancefromComponents
Section4CALIBRATIONMETHODS
4.1Introduction
4.2TraceabilityandtheCalibrationProcess
4.3OutlineofCalibrationProcedures
4.4CalibratingtheForce-BalanceSystem
4.4.1FundamentalForceBalanceEquations
4.4.2ReferenceSourceTransducers
4.4.3ForceBalanceCalibration
4.4.4ForceBalanceLinearityVerification
4.4.5SpotChecksofForceBalanceandReferenceSource
4.4.6CalibrationandSpotChecksofWorkingSource
4.5LocalLaboratoryChecksofReferenceHydrophone
4.5.1ArrivaloftheReferenceHydrophone
4.5.2ComparisonWaveformRecords
4.5.3SpotChecksoftheReferenceHydrophone
4.6TheComparisonProcedurefortheWorkingHydrophone
4.6.1Introduction
4.6.2DeterminationofEnd-of-CableLoadedSensitivityof
theWorkingHydrophone
4.7SpotChecksofWorkingHydrophone
4.8PlanarScanningChecksofHydrophone
4.9HydrophoneCalibrationAbove20MHz
Section5DIAGNOSTICULTRASOUNDMEASUREMENTPROCEDURES
5.1Introduction
5.2OutlineofMeasurementProcedures
5.3EquipmentandSetup
5.3.1EquipmentRequired
5.3.2Set-up
5.4MeasurementofIntensitiesandPressureinNon-Autoscan
System
5.4.1ReferenceLocationforIntensityandPressure
Measurements
5.4.2SelectOperatingConditionandSetMaximumDrive
Voltage
5.4.3DeterminetheBeamAxis
5.4.4FindtheSpatialMaximumPulseIntensityIntegral
5.4.5VerificationofMaximumPII(j,v[mj],z[mjPII])
5.4.6WaveformRecording
5.4.7CalculatetheSpatial-PeakPulse-AverageIntensity
(I[SPPA])
5.4.8CalculatethePeakRarefactionalPressure(p[r])
5.4.9AssociatedParameters
5.4.10CalculatetheSpatial-PeakTemporal-AverageIntensity
(I[SPTA])
5.4.11MeasuretheUltrasonicPower
5.4.12FindtheSpatialMaximumDeratedPulseIntensity
Integral
5.4.13VerificationoftheSpatialMaximum
PII[.3](j,v[mj],z[mIPII.3])
5.4.14WaveformRecording
5.4.15CalculatetheDeratedSpatial-PeakPulse-Average
Intensity(I[SPPA.3])
5.4.16CalculatetheDeratedPeakRarefactionalPressure
(p[r.3])
5.4.17CalculatetheDeratedSpatial-PeakTime-Average
Intensity(I[SPTA.3])
5.4.18MeasurementMethodsforEquipmentWhichProduces
ContinuousWaveforms
5.5MeasurementforIntensityandPressureinAutoscanMode
5.5.1IntroductiontoAutoscanMeasurementsinCombined
Modes
5.5.2MeasurementofI[SPTA.3]inCombinedAutoscanModes
5.6PowerMeasurements
5.6.1ForceBalanceMethods
5.6.2AlternatePowerMeasurement/CalculationUsinga
HydrophoneandPlanarScanninginNon-AutoscanMode
APPENDICES
AStatisticalConsiderations
BNonlinearEffects
CDirectivityofHydrophone
DAcousticalOutputQuantitiesinWaterandinTissueModels;
DeratedValues
EWaterDegassingProcedure
FRationalefortheMeasurementofSelectedParameters
GDeterminationofControlSettingsResultinginIntensityand
PressureGlobalMaxima
HHydrophoneCalibrationbyPlanarScanningTechnique
IConsistencyChecks
JMeasurementofI[SPTA]foraCombinedOperatingMode
KRationaleforMeasurementsinWater Abstract
Describes a set of measurement procedures for ultrasonic output parameters by setting forth definitions of quantities, primarily those relating to acoustic output levels, and specifying standard procedures for measuring the pertinent acoustic output parameters. It reflects the most current thinking on acoustic output measurement and will continue to evolve as the knowledge about acoustic output measurement increases.
