Table of Contents
1Preamble
2Introduction
3Approach
4Normativereferences
5Attenuation(overallloudnessrating)
6Attenuationdistortion
6.1General
6.2Circuits
6.3Digitalterminals
7Clipping
7.1Powerlevelclipping
7.2Temporalclipping
8Companders
9Echo
9.1General
9.2Circuits
9.3Digitalterminals
9.4Privatenetworks
10Erroronthereconstitutedfrequency
11Groupdelay
12Linearcross-talk
13Non-lineardistortion
13.1Analoguenon-lineardistortion
13.2Quantizationdistortion
13.3Distortionfromlowbitratecodecs
14Noise
15Noiseinterference
15.1Singletoneornarrow-bandnoiseinterference
15.2Widebandnoiseinterference
16Variationoftransmissionlosswithtime Abstract
This document is aimed at providing guidance to network and service planners who are concerned with the performance of international connections, and to network element designers that are responsible for the equipment specification. Information pertaining to analogue, digital, and analogue/digital terminal and network elements is given. Also, this information os given in the context of hybrid networks, i.e. networks built using analogue and digital network elements; integrated digital networks, i.e networks with digital core network elements and analogue accesses; and integrated services digital networks, i.e networks which have only digital network, digital access and digital terminal elements.
