AGA X00981:1981
AGA X00981:1981 Lng Information Book Provides information and background material on LNG, covers the history of LNG, liquefaction, storage, vaporization and transportation technology.
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION1.HISTORICALBACKGROUNDOFLNGDEVELOPMENT
1.1Introduction
1.2EarlyDevelopments
1.3LNGDevelopmentsOutsideTheUtilityIndustry
1.4LNGDevelopmentsInTheUtilityIndustry
A.Peakshaving
B.BaseloadSupply
References
2.LIQUEFACTION
2.1Introduction
2.2FeedPreparation
A.WaterRemoval
B.CarbonDioxideRemoval
C.CombinedWaterAndCarbonDioxideRemoval
D.FeedPreparationCapitalAndOperatingCosts
E.WaterAndCarbonDioxideAnalysis
F.MiscellaneousContaminants
2.3LiquefactionCycles
A.Cascadecycle
B.MixedRefrigerantCycle
C.ExpanderCycle
D.ExpanderCycleUsingNitrogenRefrigerant
2.4StorageBoiloffAndFlashVapors
References
3.STORAGE
3.1Introduction
3.2AbovegroundMetalLNGTanks
A.Background
B.CodesAndStandards
C.MaterialSelections
D.StorageDesignConditions
E.TankConnections
F.Foundations
G.ConstructionAndTesting
H.InsulationSystemAndThermalAspects
I.Cleaning,PurgingAndCoolDown
J.OperationAndMaintenance
K.Summary
3.3PrestressedConcreteTanksAndDikes
A.Background
B.PrestressedConcrete
C.PrestressedConcreteTanks
D.PrestressedConcreteDikeWalls
E.CryogenicProjectsUsingPrestressedConcrete
F.AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofPrestressed
ConcreteTanks
3.4CryogenicIngroundStorage
3.5MinedCaverns
3.6SmallVolumeAndPressurizedStorage
A.RemoteSupplySatelliteAndPeakshavingSatellite
Facilities
B.EmergencySupply
C.LNGAsAnEngineFuel
References
4.LNGPUMPOUTANDVAPORIZATION
4.1Introduction
4.2PumpingLNG
4.3VaporizingLiquidToGas
A.Integral-Heated
B.Remote-Heated
C.Ambient-Heated
D.Process-Heated
E.HybridVaporizerSystems
F.DesignCriteria
4.4BaseLoadOperation
4.5Controls
A.ControllingTheProcess
B.EquipmentProtection
4.6LNGColdUtilization
4.7Odorization
4.8Summary
5.TRANSPORTATIONOFLNG
5.1Introduction
5.2MarineTransportation
A.DesignsInServiceOrOnOrder
B.OtherDesignsUnderDevelopment
C.ConcreteShips
D.CurrentShipDesignAndSizeDistribution
E.LoadingAndUnloadingofLNGTankers
F.Barges
5.3OverlandTransportation
A.TankTrucks
B.TankCars
C.Pipelines
References
6.FACTORSFORCONSIDERATIONINEVALUATINGALIQUEFIED
NATURALGASFACILITY
6.1Introduction
6.2ItemsToBeConsidered
A.PlantDesignBasis
B.PlantSiteInvestigation
C.Liquefaction
D.Storage
E.Regasification
F.MiscellaneousConsideration
G.SafetyRegulations,CodesAndSpecifications
7.TECHNICALPUBLICATIONSANDDATASECTION
7.1Introduction
7.2GeneralReferenceBooksAndReports
7.3SourcesofTechnicalPublications
7.4ReferenceBooksAndReportsOnLNGSafety
7.5SelectedArticles
A.General
B.ColdRecovery
C.PhysicalProperties
D.Safety
7.6DensityDeterminationofLNG
7.7ConversionFactorsAndConstants
A.ConversionFactorsForMethane
B.ConversionFactorsFromEnglishToS1(Metric)
Units
C.PhysicalConstants
D.CombustionInformationForMethane
7.8EnthalpyCharts